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Join our WhatsApp Channel: We invite you to join IARF Life in the Universe WhatsApp Channel, to join go to https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaLOU2I7z4kecnUvxb47. This channel curates space related research & outreach updates in the context of Space Sciences, in particular, Astrobiology.

Latest Astrobiology Research Papers from arXiv
Stay updated with the most recent astrobiology papers curated directly from the arXiv preprint repository. Explore cutting-edge research in areas like planetary science, exoplanet habitability, and the origin of life.

• Formation and evolution of planetary systems
  November 13, 2026 by S. I. Ipatov
• Euclid Data Release 1 (DR1): Spacecraft performance in the L2 environment
  November 13, 2026 by Euclid Collaboration, M. Schirmer (Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Astronomie, K\"onigstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany), K. Paterson (Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Astronomie, K\"onigstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany), B. Altieri (ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Ca\~nada, Madrid, Spain), H. Aussel (Universit\'e Paris-Saclay, Universit\'e Paris Cit\'e, CEA, CNRS, AIM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France), S. Awan (Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK), P. Battaglia (INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), G. Buenadicha (ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Ca\~nada, Madrid, Spain), C. Burigana (INAF, Istituto di Radioastronomia, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy, INFN-Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy), P. Casenove (Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales — Centre spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France), J. Dinis (Departamento de F\'isica, Faculdade de Ci\^encias, Universidade de Lisboa, Edif\'icio C8, Campo Grande, PT1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal, Instituto de Astrof\'isica e Ci\^encias do Espa\c{c}o, Faculdade de Ci\^encias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal), J. Mart\'{i}n-Fleitas (Aurora Technology for European Space Agency), P. -A. Frugier (Universit\'e Paris-Saclay, Universit\'e Paris Cit\'e, CEA, CNRS, AIM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France), W. Gillard (Aix-Marseille Universit\'e, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France), A. Gregorio (Dipartimento di Fisica – Sezione di Astronomia, Universit\`a di Trieste, Via Tiepolo 11, 34131 Trieste, Italy, INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, Italy), S. Hemmati (Caltech/IPAC, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA), O. Herent (Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Universit\'e, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France), J. Hoar (ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Ca\~nada, Madrid, Spain), H. Hoekstra (Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands), W. Holmes (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA), P. Hudelot (Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Universit\'e, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France), K. Jahnke (Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Astronomie, K\"onigstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany), R. Kohley (ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Ca\~nada, Madrid, Spain), K. Kuijken (Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands), R. Laureijs (Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, PO Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands), G. Libet (Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales — Centre spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France), P. Liebing (Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK), H. J. McCracken (Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Universit\'e, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France), E. Medinaceli (INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), A. Mora (Telespazio UK S.L. for European Space Agency), P. W. Morris (California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA), S. Mottet (Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Universit\'e, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France), R. Nakajima (Universit\"at Bonn, Argelander-Institut f\"ur Astronomie, Auf dem H\"ugel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany), D. Neumann (Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands), G. Polenta (Space Science Data Center, Italian Space Agency, via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy), M. Portaluppi (European Space Agency/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands), G. D. Racca (Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands, European Space Agency/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands), F. Schmidt (Telespazio Germany GmbH, Europapl. 5, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany), M. Schmidt (European Space Agency/ESOC, Robert-Bosch-Str. 5, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany), C. Sirignano (Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Universit\`a di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy, INFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy), J. Skottfelt (Centre for Electronic Imaging, Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7~6AA, UK), F. Soldano (Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Universit\'e, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France), I. Tereno (Departamento de F\'isica, Faculdade de Ci\^encias, Universidade de Lisboa, Edif\'icio C8, Campo Grande, PT1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal, Instituto de Astrof\'isica e Ci\^encias do Espa\c{c}o, Faculdade de Ci\^encias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal), T. Trombetti (INAF, Istituto di Radioastronomia, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy, INFN-Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy), R. Vavrek (ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Ca\~nada, Madrid, Spain), L. M. Gaspar Venancio (European Space Agency/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands), A. Zacchei (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy), S. Andreon (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20122 Milano, Italy), N. Auricchio (INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), C. Baccigalupi (IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy, INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, Italy, SISSA, International School for Advanced Studies, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste TS, Italy), M. Baldi (Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universit\`a di Bologna, Via Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy, INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, INFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy), A. Balestra (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Via dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy), S. Bardelli (INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), R. Bender (Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany, Universit\"ats-Sternwarte M\"unchen, Fakult\"at f\"ur Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\"at M\"unchen, Scheinerstr.~1, 81679 M\"unchen, Germany), A. Biviano (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy), R. P. Blake (Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK), E. Branchini (Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit\`a di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy, INFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy, INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20122 Milano, Italy), M. Brescia (Department of Physics "E. Pancini", University Federico II, Via Cinthia 6, 80126, Napoli, Italy, INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, Italy), J. Brinchmann (European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str.~2, 85748 Garching, Germany, Instituto de Astrof\'isica e Ci\^encias do Espa\c{c}o, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, PT4150-762 Porto, Portugal, Faculdade de Ci\^encias da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo de Alegre, 4150-007 Porto, Portugal), S. Camera (Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit\`a degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy, INFN-Sezione di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy, INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese), G. Ca\~nas-Herrera (Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands), V. Capobianco (INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese), C. Carbone (INAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy), J. Carretero (Centro de Investigaciones Energ\'eticas, Medioambientales y Tecnol\'ogicas, Port d'Informaci\'{o} Cient\'{i}fica, Campus UAB, C. Albareda s/n, 08193 Bellaterra), F. J. Castander (Institute of Space Sciences, Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya), M. Castellano (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy), G. Castignani (INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), S. Cavuoti (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, Italy, INFN — Sezione di Napoli, Via Cinthia 6, 80126, Napoli, Italy), P. -Y. Chabaud (Aix-Marseille Universit\'e, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France), A. Cimatti (Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Augusto Righi" – Alma Mater Studiorum Universit\`a di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy), C. Colodro-Conde (Instituto de Astrof\'{\i}sica de Canarias, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), G. Congedo (Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK), C. J. Conselice (Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK), L. Conversi (European Space Agency/ESRIN, Largo Galileo Galilei 1, 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy, ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Ca\~nada, Madrid, Spain), Y. Copin (Universit\'e Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, Villeurbanne, France), A. Costille (Aix-Marseille Universit\'e, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France), F. Courbin (Institut de Ci\`{e}ncies del Cosmos, Instituci\'o Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avan\c{c}ats, Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai), H. M. Courtois (Universit\'e Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IUF, IP2I Lyon, Villeurbanne, France), M. Cropper (Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK), A. Da Silva (Departamento de F\'isica, Faculdade de Ci\^encias, Universidade de Lisboa, Edif\'icio C8, Campo Grande, PT1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal, Instituto de Astrof\'isica e Ci\^encias do Espa\c{c}o, Faculdade de Ci\^encias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal), H. Degaudenzi (Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d'Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland), G. De Lucia (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy), H. Dole (Universit\'e Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale, 91405, Orsay, France, Institut universitaire de France), F. Dubath (Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d'Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland), X. Dupac (ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Ca\~nada, Madrid, Spain), S. Dusini (INFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy), S. Escoffier (Aix-Marseille Universit\'e, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France), M. Fabricius (Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany, Universit\"ats-Sternwarte M\"unchen, Fakult\"at f\"ur Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\"at M\"unchen, Scheinerstr.~1, 81679 M\"unchen, Germany), M. Farina (INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00100 Roma, Italy), R. Farinelli (INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), S. Farrens (Universit\'e Paris-Saclay, Universit\'e Paris Cit\'e, CEA, CNRS, AIM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France), F. Faustini (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy), S. Ferriol (Universit\'e Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, Villeurbanne, France), S. Fotopoulou (School of Physics, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK), N. Fourmanoit (Aix-Marseille Universit\'e, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France), M. Frailis (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy), E. Franceschi (INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), M. Fumana (INAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy), L. Gabarra (Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK), S. Galeotta (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy), K. George (University Observatory, LMU Faculty of Physics, Scheinerstr.~1, 81679 Munich, Germany), C. Giocoli (INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, INFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy), P. G\'omez-Alvarez (FRACTAL S.L.N.E., calle Tulip\'an 2, Portal 13 1A, 28231, Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain, ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Ca\~nada, Madrid, Spain), J. Gracia-Carpio (Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany), B. R. Granett (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20122 Milano, Italy), A. Grazian (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Via dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy), F. Grupp (Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany, Universit\"ats-Sternwarte M\"unchen, Fakult\"at f\"ur Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\"at M\"unchen, Scheinerstr.~1, 81679 M\"unchen, Germany), L. Guzzo (Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli", Universit\`a degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy, INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20122 Milano, Italy, INFN-Sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy), W. G. Hartley (Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d'Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland), S. V. H. Haugan (Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway), I. M. Hook (School of Physics and Astronomy, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK), F. Hormuth (Felix Hormuth Engineering, Goethestr. 17, 69181 Leimen, Germany), A. Hornstrup (Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 327, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark, Cosmic Dawn Center), M. Jhabvala (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA), S. Kermiche (Aix-Marseille Universit\'e, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France), A. Kiessling (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA), B. Kubik (Universit\'e Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, Villeurbanne, France), M. K\"ummel (Universit\"ats-Sternwarte M\"unchen, Fakult\"at f\"ur Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\"at M\"unchen, Scheinerstr.~1, 81679 M\"unchen, Germany), M. Kunz (Universit\'e de Gen\`eve, D\'epartement de Physique Th\'eorique and Centre for Astroparticle Physics, 24 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Gen\`eve 4, Switzerland), H. Kurki-Suonio (Department of Physics, P.O. Box 64, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland, Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf H{\"a}llstr{\"o}min katu 2, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland), A. M. C. Le Brun (Laboratoire d'etude de l'Univers et des phenomenes eXtremes, Observatoire de Paris, Universit\'e PSL, Sorbonne Universit\'e, CNRS, 92190 Meudon, France), V. Le Brun (Aix-Marseille Universit\'e, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France), S. Ligori (INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese), P. B. Lilje (Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway), V. Lindholm (Department of Physics, P.O. Box 64, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland, Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf H{\"a}llstr{\"o}min katu 2, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland), I. Lloro (SKAO, Jodrell Bank, Lower Withington, Macclesfield SK11 9FT, UK), M. Magliocchetti (INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00100 Roma, Italy), G. Mainetti (Centre de Calcul de l'IN2P3/CNRS, 21 avenue Pierre de Coubertin 69627 Villeurbanne Cedex, France), O. Mansutti (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy), S. Marcin (University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Northwestern Switzerland, School of Computer Science, 5210 Windisch, Switzerland), O. Marggraf (Universit\"at Bonn, Argelander-Institut f\"ur Astronomie, Auf dem H\"ugel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany), M. Martinelli (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy, INFN-Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 2 – c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Edificio G. Marconi, 00185 Roma, Italy), N. Martinet (Aix-Marseille Universit\'e, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France), F. Marulli (Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Augusto Righi" – Alma Mater Studiorum Universit\`a di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy, INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, INFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy), R. J. Massey (Department of Physics, Institute for Computational Cosmology, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK), N. Mauri (Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Augusto Righi" – Alma Mater Studiorum Universit\`a di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, INFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy), S. Mei (Universit\'e Paris Cit\'e, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75013 Paris, France, CNRS-UCB International Research Laboratory, Centre Pierre Bin\'etruy, IRL2007, CPB-IN2P3, Berkeley, USA), M. Melchior (University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Northwestern Switzerland, School of Engineering, 5210 Windisch, Switzerland), M. Meneghetti (INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, INFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy), E. Merlin (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Via dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy), G. Meylan (Institute of Physics, Laboratory of Astrophysics, Ecole Polytechnique F\'ed\'erale de Lausanne), P. Monaco (Dipartimento di Fisica – Sezione di Astronomia, Universit\`a di Trieste, Via Tiepolo 11, 34131 Trieste, Italy, INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, Italy, IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy), M. Moresco (Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Augusto Righi" – Alma Mater Studiorum Universit\`a di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy, INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), C. Moretti (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy, INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, Italy), L. Moscardini (Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Augusto Righi" – Alma Mater Studiorum Universit\`a di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy, INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, INFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy), C. Neissner (Institut de F\'{i}sica d'Altes Energies, Port d'Informaci\'{o} Cient\'{i}fica, Campus UAB, C. Albareda s/n, 08193 Bellaterra), R. C. Nichol (School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK), S. -M. Niemi (European Space Agency/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands), C. Padilla (Institut de F\'{i}sica d'Altes Energies), S. Paltani (Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d'Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland), F. Pasian (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy), W. J. Percival (Waterloo Centre for Astrophysics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada, Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 2Y5, Canada), V. Pettorino (European Space Agency/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands), S. Pires (Universit\'e Paris-Saclay, Universit\'e Paris Cit\'e, CEA, CNRS, AIM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France), M. Poncet (Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales — Centre spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France), L. A. Popa (Institute of Space Science, Str. Atomistilor, nr. 409 M\u{a}gurele, Ilfov, 077125, Romania), F. Raison (Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany), A. Refregier (Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Dept. of Physics, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland), A. Renzi (Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Universit\`a di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy, INFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy, INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), J. Rhodes (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA), G. Riccio (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, Italy), I. Risso (Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit\`a di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy, INFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy, INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20122 Milano, Italy), F. Rizzo (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy), E. Romelli (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy), M. Roncarelli (INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), C. Rosset (Universit\'e Paris Cit\'e, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75013 Paris, France), B. Rusholme (Caltech/IPAC, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA), R. Saglia (Universit\"ats-Sternwarte M\"unchen, Fakult\"at f\"ur Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\"at M\"unchen, Scheinerstr.~1, 81679 M\"unchen, Germany, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany), Z. Sakr (Instituto de F\'isica Te\'orica UAM-CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Plan\'etologie, Universit\'e St Joseph; Faculty of Sciences, Beirut, Lebanon), A. G. S\'anchez (Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany), D. Sapone (Departamento de F\'isica, FCFM, Universidad de Chile, Blanco Encalada 2008, Santiago, Chile), B. Sartoris (Universit\'e C\^{o}te d'Azur, Observatoire de la C\^{o}te d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l'Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice cedex 4, France), P. Schneider (Universit\"at Bonn, Argelander-Institut f\"ur Astronomie, Auf dem H\"ugel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany), T. Schrabback (Universit\"at Innsbruck, Institut f\"ur Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Technikerstr. 25/8, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria), M. Scodeggio (INAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy), A. Secroun (Aix-Marseille Universit\'e, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France), E. Sihvola (Department of Physics, P.O. Box 64, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland, Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf H{\"a}llstr{\"o}min katu 2, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland), P. Simon (Universit\"at Bonn, Argelander-Institut f\"ur Astronomie, Auf dem H\"ugel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany), G. Sirri (INFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy), L. Stanco (INFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy), P. Tallada-Cresp\'{i} (Centro de Investigaciones Energ\'eticas, Medioambientales y Tecnol\'ogicas, Port d'Informaci\'{o} Cient\'{i}fica, Campus UAB, C. Albareda s/n, 08193 Bellaterra), A. N. Taylor (Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK), H. I. Teplitz (Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA), N. Tessore (Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK), S. Toft (Cosmic Dawn Center, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 128, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark), R. Toledo-Moreo (Universidad Polit\'ecnica de Cartagena, Departamento de Electr\'onica y Tecnolog\'ia de Computadoras, Plaza del Hospital 1, 30202 Cartagena, Spain, European University of Technology EUt+, European Union), F. Torradeflot (Port d'Informaci\'{o} Cient\'{i}fica, Campus UAB, C. Albareda s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Centro de Investigaciones Energ\'eticas, Medioambientales y Tecnol\'ogicas), I. Tutusaus (Institute of Space Sciences, Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Plan\'etologie), J. Valiviita (Department of Physics, P.O. Box 64, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland, Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf H{\"a}llstr{\"o}min katu 2, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland), T. Vassallo (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, University Observatory, LMU Faculty of Physics, Scheinerstr.~1, 81679 Munich, Germany), A. Veropalumbo (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20122 Milano, Italy, INFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy, Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit\`a di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy), D. Vibert (Aix-Marseille Universit\'e, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France), Y. Wang (Caltech/IPAC, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA), J. Weller (Universit\"ats-Sternwarte M\"unchen, Fakult\"at f\"ur Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\"at M\"unchen, Scheinerstr.~1, 81679 M\"unchen, Germany, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany), G. Zamorani (INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), F. M. Zerbi (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20122 Milano, Italy), E. Zucca (INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), I. T. Andika (Universit\"ats-Sternwarte M\"unchen, Fakult\"at f\"ur Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\"at M\"unchen, Scheinerstr.~1, 81679 M\"unchen, Germany), M. Ballardini (Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Universit\`a degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Giuseppe Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara, Via Giuseppe Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy, INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), P. Bergamini (INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), S. Borgani (Dipartimento di Fisica – Sezione di Astronomia, Universit\`a di Trieste, Via Tiepolo 11, 34131 Trieste, Italy, IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy, INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, Italy, ICSC – Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing, Big Data e Quantum Computing, Via Magnanelli 2, Bologna, Italy), E. Bozzo (Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d'Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland), R. Cabanac (Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Plan\'etologie), M. Calabrese (Astronomical Observatory of the Autonomous Region of the Aosta Valley, INAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy), F. Caro (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy), T. Castro (Department of Mathematical Physics, Institute of Physics, University of S\~ao Paulo, R. do Mat\~ao 1371, 05508-090, S\~ao Paulo, SP, Brazil, INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy), S. Conseil (Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon, UMR5574, CNRS, Universit\'e Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, 69230, Saint-Genis-Laval, France, Universit\'e Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, Villeurbanne, France), D. Di Ferdinando (INFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy), J. A. Escartin Vigo (Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany), G. Fabbian (Universit\'e Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale, 91405, Orsay, France), T. Flanet (Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Universit\'e, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France), J. Garc\'ia-Bellido (Instituto de F\'isica Te\'orica UAM-CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain), T. Gasparetto (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy), C. M. Gutierrez (Instituto de Astrof\'{\i}sica de Canarias, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain, Universidad de La Laguna, Dpto. Astrof\'\i sica, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), A. Hall (Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK), Y. Kang (Universit\"at Innsbruck, Institut f\"ur Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Technikerstr. 25/8, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria), G. Leroy (Department of Physics, Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK, Department of Physics, Institute for Computational Cosmology, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK), A. Loureiro (Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden, Astrophysics Group, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK), J. Macias-Perez (Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 53, Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France), R. Maoli (Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Universit\`a di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy, INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy), R. B. Metcalf (Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Augusto Righi" – Alma Mater Studiorum Universit\`a di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy, INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), S. Nadathur (Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK), L. Patrizii (INFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy), M. P\"ontinen (Department of Physics, P.O. Box 64, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland), E. Sarpa (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy), V. Scottez (Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, 98bis Boulevard Arago, 75014, Paris, France, ICL, Junia, Universit\'e Catholique de Lille, LITL, 59000 Lille, France), M. Sereno (INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, INFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy), K. Tanidis (Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia), M. Tenti (INFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy), A. Troja (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy), M. Tucci (Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d'Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland), M. Viel (IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy, INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, SISSA, International School for Advanced Studies, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste TS, Italy, INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, Italy, ICSC – Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing, Big Data e Quantum Computing, Via Magnanelli 2, Bologna, Italy), M. Wiesmann (Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway), Abdurro'uf (Department of Astronomy, Indiana University, 727 East Third Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA), J. A. Acevedo Barroso (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA), Y. Akrami (Instituto de F\'isica Te\'orica UAM-CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain, CERCA/ISO, Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA), G. Alguero (Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 53, Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France), G. Angora (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Universit\`a degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Giuseppe Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy), S. Anselmi (INFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Universit\`a di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy, Laboratoire Univers et Th\'eorie, Observatoire de Paris, Universit\'e PSL, Universit\'e Paris Cit\'e, CNRS, 92190 Meudon, France), M. Archidiacono (Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli", Universit\`a degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy, INFN-Sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy), G. Aric\`o (INFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy), F. Atrio-Barandela (Departamento de F{\'\i}sica Fundamental. Universidad de Salamanca. Plaza de la Merced s/n. 37008 Salamanca, Spain), M. Aubert (Universit\'e Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, Villeurbanne, France), E. Aubourg (Universit\'e Paris Cit\'e, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75013 Paris, France, IRFU, CEA, Universit\'e Paris-Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France), M. Baes (Universiteit Gent, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Proeftuinstraat 86 N3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium), N. Bartolo (Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Universit\`a di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy, INFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy, INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Via dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy), L. Bazzanini (Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Universit\`a degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Giuseppe Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy, INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), J. R. Bermejo-Climent (Konkoly Observatory, HUN-REN CSFK, MTA Centre of Excellence, Budapest, Konkoly Thege Mikl\'os {\'u}t 15-17. H-1121, Hungary, MTA-CSFK Lend\"ulet Large-Scale Structure Research Group, Konkoly-Thege Mikl\'os \'ut 15-17, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary), D. Bertacca (Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Universit\`a di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy, INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Via dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy, INFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy), M. Bethermin (Universit\'e de Strasbourg, CNRS, Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg, UMR 7550, 67000 Strasbourg, France), F. Beutler (Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK), A. Blanchard (Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Plan\'etologie), M. Bonici (Waterloo Centre for Astrophysics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada, INAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy), F. Bouch\`e (Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Via Mezzocannone 4, 80138, Napoli, Italy, INFN — Sezione di Napoli, Via Cinthia 6, 80126, Napoli, Italy), M. L. Brown (Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK), S. Bruton (California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA), A. Calabro (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy), C. S. Carvalho (Instituto de Astrof\'isica e Ci\^encias do Espa\c{c}o, Faculdade de Ci\^encias, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal), N. Chartab (Caltech/IPAC, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA), F. Cogato (INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), T. E. Collett (Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK), A. R. Cooray (Department of Physics \& Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA 92697, USA), P. Corcho-Caballero (Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, PO Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands), M. Correnti (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy, Space Science Data Center, Italian Space Agency, via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy), B. Csizi (Universit\"at Innsbruck, Institut f\"ur Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Technikerstr. 25/8, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria), O. Cucciati (INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), H. Dannerbauer (Instituto de Astrof\'{\i}sica de Canarias, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain, Universidad de La Laguna, Dpto. Astrof\'\i sica, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), J. E. Davies (Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Astronomie, K\"onigstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany), T. de Boer (Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA), G. Desprez (Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, PO Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands), A. D\'iaz-S\'anchez (Departamento F\'isica Aplicada, Universidad Polit\'ecnica de Cartagena, Campus Muralla del Mar, 30202 Cartagena, Murcia, Spain), S. Di Domizio (Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit\`a di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy, INFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy), J. M. Diego (Instituto de F\'isica de Cantabria, Edificio Juan Jord\'a, Avenida de los Castros, 39005 Santander, Spain), P. Dimauro (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy, Observatorio Nacional, Rua General Jose Cristino, 77-Bairro Imperial de Sao Cristovao, Rio de Janeiro, 20921-400, Brazil), P. -A. Duc (Universit\'e de Strasbourg, CNRS, Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg, UMR 7550, 67000 Strasbourg, France), V. Duret (Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France), Y. Fang (Universit\"ats-Sternwarte M\"unchen, Fakult\"at f\"ur Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\"at M\"unchen, Scheinerstr.~1, 81679 M\"unchen, Germany), A. Farina (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20122 Milano, Italy, INFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy), A. M. N. Ferguson (Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK), A. Finoguenov (Department of Physics, P.O. Box 64, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland), A. Franco (Department of Mathematics and Physics E. De Giorgi, University of Salento, Via per Arnesano, CP-I93, 73100, Lecce, Italy, INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Via per Arnesano, CP-193, 73100, Lecce, Italy, INAF-Sezione di Lecce, c/o Dipartimento Matematica e Fisica, Via per Arnesano, 73100, Lecce, Italy), N. Frusciante (Dipartimento di Fisica "E. Pancini", Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia 6, 80126, Napoli, Italy, INFN Sezione di Napoli, Universita degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Compl. Univ. di Monte S. Angelo, Edificio G, Via Cinthia, I-80126, Napoli, Italy), A. Fumagalli (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy), Y. Fu (Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands, Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, PO Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands), K. Ganga (Universit\'e Paris Cit\'e, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75013 Paris, France), R. Gavazzi (Aix-Marseille Universit\'e, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Universit\'e, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France), E. Gaztanaga (Institute of Space Sciences, Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK), Z. Ghaffari (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy), F. Giacomini (INFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy), F. Gianotti (INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), G. Gozaliasl (Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, PO Box 15400, Espoo, FI-00 076, Finland, Department of Physics, P.O. Box 64, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland), M. Guidi (Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universit\`a di Bologna, Via Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy, INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), N. A. Hatch (School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK), C. Hern\'andez-Monteagudo (Universidad de La Laguna, Dpto. Astrof\'\i sica, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain, Instituto de Astrof\'{\i}sica de Canarias, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), T. Heuberger (University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Northwestern Switzerland, School of Computer Science, 5210 Windisch, Switzerland), J. Hjorth (DARK, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 155, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark), M. Jauzac (Department of Physics, Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK, Department of Physics, Institute for Computational Cosmology, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK, Astrophysics Research Centre, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4041, South Africa, School of Mathematics, Statistics \& Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4041, South Africa, Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Plan\'etologie), S. Joudaki (Centro de Investigaciones Energ\'eticas, Medioambientales y Tecnol\'ogicas), J. J. E. Kajava (Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vesilinnantie 5, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland, Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO, Serco for European Space Agency), D. Karagiannis (Van Swinderen Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 3, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands, Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Universit\`a degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Giuseppe Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa), J. Kim (Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK), C. C. Kirkpatrick (Department of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf H\"allstr\"omin katu 2, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland), A. Kov\'acs (MTA-CSFK Lend\"ulet Large-Scale Structure Research Group, Konkoly-Thege Mikl\'os \'ut 15-17, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary, Konkoly Observatory, HUN-REN CSFK, MTA Centre of Excellence, Budapest, Konkoly Thege Mikl\'os {\'u}t 15-17. H-1121, Hungary), I. Kova{\v{c}}i{\'{c}} (Universiteit Gent, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Proeftuinstraat 86 N3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium), K. Koyama (Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK), S. Kruk (ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Ca\~nada, Madrid, Spain), M. C. Lam (Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK), F. Leclercq (Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Universit\'e, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France), S. Lee (Ohio University, Physics \& Astronomy Department,1 Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA), J. Le Graet (Aix-Marseille Universit\'e, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France), J. Lesgourgues (Institute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology), T. I. Liaudat (IRFU, CEA, Universit\'e Paris-Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France), L. Linke (Universit\"at Innsbruck, Institut f\"ur Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Technikerstr. 25/8, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria), A. Manj\'on-Garc\'ia (Departamento F\'isica Aplicada, Universidad Polit\'ecnica de Cartagena, Campus Muralla del Mar, 30202 Cartagena, Murcia, Spain), F. Mannucci (INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, 50125, Firenze, Italy), M. Marinucci (Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 27, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland), F. R. Marleau (Universit\"at Innsbruck, Institut f\"ur Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Technikerstr. 25/8, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria), C. J. A. P. Martins (Centro de Astrof\'{\i}sica da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal, Instituto de Astrof\'isica e Ci\^encias do Espa\c{c}o, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, PT4150-762 Porto, Portugal), M. Migliaccio (Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit\`a di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Roma, Italy, INFN, Sezione di Roma 2, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Roma, Italy), M. Miluzio (ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Ca\~nada, Madrid, Spain, HE Space for European Space Agency), G. Morgante (INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), K. Naidoo (Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Astronomie, K\"onigstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany), P. Natoli (Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Universit\`a degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Giuseppe Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara, Via Giuseppe Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy), A. Navarro-Alsina (Universit\"at Bonn, Argelander-Institut f\"ur Astronomie, Auf dem H\"ugel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany), A. Nersesian (STAR Institute, University of Li{\`e}ge, Quartier Agora, All\'ee du six Ao\^ut 19c, 4000 Li\`ege, Belgium, Universiteit Gent, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Proeftuinstraat 86 N3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium), S. Nesseris (Instituto de F\'isica Te\'orica UAM-CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain), L. Nicastro (INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), F. Oppizzi (INFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy, INFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Universit\`a di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy), F. Pace (Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit\`a degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy, INFN-Sezione di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy, INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese, Instituto de Astrof\'isica e Ci\^encias do Espa\c{c}o, Faculdade de Ci\^encias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal), M. J. Page (Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK), D. Paoletti (INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, INFN-Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy), F. Passalacqua (INFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy), C. Pattison (Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK), A. Pisani (Aix-Marseille Universit\'e, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France), L. Pizzuti (Dipartimento di Fisica "G. Occhialini", Universit\`a degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milano, Italy), D. Potter (Department of Astrophysics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland), M. Poulain (Space physics and astronomy research unit, University of Oulu, Pentti Kaiteran katu 1, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland), G. W. Pratt (Universit\'e Paris-Saclay, Universit\'e Paris Cit\'e, CEA, CNRS, AIM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France), S. Quai (Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Augusto Righi" – Alma Mater Studiorum Universit\`a di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy, INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), M. Radovich (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Via dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy), G. Rodighiero (Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Universit\`a di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy, INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Via dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy), W. Roster (Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany), M. Ruffenach (Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales — Centre spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France), M. Sahl\'en (Theoretical astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 524, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden), D. B. Sanders (Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA), A. Schneider (Department of Astrophysics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland), D. Sciotti (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy, INFN-Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 2 – c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Edificio G. Marconi, 00185 Roma, Italy), E. Sellentin (Mathematical Institute, University of Leiden, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands, Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands), S. Serjeant (School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK), A. Shulevski (ASTRON, the Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands, Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, PO Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Macedonia), L. C. Smith (Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK), I. Szapudi (Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA), M. Talia (Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Augusto Righi" – Alma Mater Studiorum Universit\`a di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy, INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), G. Testera (INFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy), M. Tewes (Universit\"at Bonn, Argelander-Institut f\"ur Astronomie, Auf dem H\"ugel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany), R. Teyssier (Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Peyton Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA), S. Tosi (Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit\`a di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy, INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20122 Milano, Italy, INFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy), C. Uhlemann (Fakult\"at f\"ur Physik, Universit\"at Bielefeld, Postfach 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany), C. Valieri (INFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy), A. Venhola (Space physics and astronomy research unit, University of Oulu, Pentti Kaiteran katu 1, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland), D. Vergani (INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), E. Vilenius (Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK), S. Vinciguerra (Aix-Marseille Universit\'e, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France), M. von Wietersheim-Kramsta (Department of Physics, Institute for Computational Cosmology, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK, Department of Physics, Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK), A. H. Wright (Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Astronomical Institute), H. W. Yeung (Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK), D. Scott (Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada)
• The Same But Different: SiO$_2$ Clouds in Two L-Dwarfs with JWST
  November 13, 2026 by Joshua D. Lothringer, Jeff A. Valenti, Sarah E. Moran, Rhys Collins, Siddharth Gandhi, Seti Norris, William O. Balmer, Peter Gao, Brayden Roberts, Mark S. Marley, Hannah R. Wakeford, David K. Sing